US 471. United States District Court, Southern District of Florida, 24 November 2003
Related topics
101
The court discusses the determination and relevance of the place where the award was made (in a foreign State or another contracting State.
Award made in the territory of another (Contracting) State (paragraphs 1 and 3 - first or "reciprocity" reservation)
102
The court discusses which awards are considered non-domestic even if rendered in the State of enforcement (international element, lex mercatoria).
Arbitral award not considered as domestic (paragraph 1)
501
The court discusses questions relating to the general approach taken by the Convention to the grounds for refusal of recognition and enforcement, including its pro-enforcement bias, as well as the system of the Convention, under which recognition and enforcement may only be denied on seven listed grounds and the petitioner has only the obligations set out in Art. IV.
Grounds are exhaustive
513
Ground d: Irregularity in the composition of the arbitral tribunal or arbitral procedure
514
Ground e: Award not binding, suspended or set aside - "Binding"