The Court of Appeal affirmed the registration of two ICSID awards rendered against Spain (UK no. W6)) and Zimbabwe (UK no. W7)). It found that the defendant states could not invoke sovereign immunity because, by signing the ICSID Convention, they were bound by its Art. 54, which constituted a waiver of immunity from jurisdiction. The Court rejected Zimbabwe’s  argument that this interpretation of Art. 54 meant that the same conclusion should be reached in respect of Art. III of the New York Convention, which ran contrary to the position in English law that Art. III does not constitute a waiver. The Court of Appeal found that Zimbabwe did not cite court precedents in support of this alleged position, and that in any case Art. III preserved state immunity because it referred to awards being enforced in accordance with the rules of procedure of the enforcement state, which include the rules on state immunity.