The defendant was granted a loan to study at the Antwerp Management School. MBA Community Loans, to which the rights under the loan agreement had been transferred by the original contracting party, obtained an award against the defendant in CIArb arbitration in London. The Court of Appeal of The Hague granted leave to enforce the award, finding that there were no grounds for refusal. The Court held, inter alia, that the arbitration clause in the standard conditions of the loan agreement was not at odds with Art. 3(1) of Council Directive 93/13/EEC of 5 April 1993 on unfair terms in consumer contracts, because it did not cause a significant imbalance in the parties’ rights and obligations, to the detriment of the consumer. The arbitration clause provided international students with a “regulated, easily accessible and inexpensive” instrument to raise claims. It also stated that the parties remained free to rely on their rights in the UK courts, and that the defendant could file claims with the Financial Ombudsman Service in London.