The court discusses the application of the Convention to awards rendered by permanent arbitral bodies (as opposed to ad hoc awards).

The court discusses these Articles, which require a specific, separate signature for (domestic) arbitration agreements.

The court discusses the principle that the merits of the award may not be reviewed and that the court may only carry out a limited review of the award to ascertain grounds for refusal.

Due process: The court discusses what are to be considered proper time limits and notice periods that fulfill the requirement that the party opposing recognition and enforcement of the arbitral award was extended due process.

Public policy:The court discusses the consequences of the default of a party in the arbitration on the recognition and enforcement of an arbitral award against it.