See also Corte di Cassazione, First Chamber, 23 July 2009, no. 17312 (Nigi Agricoltura srl v. Inter Eltra Kommerz und Produktion GmbH) ITALY 180 B
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501
The court discusses questions relating to the general approach taken by the Convention to the grounds for refusal of recognition and enforcement, including its pro-enforcement bias, as well as the system of the Convention, under which recognition and enforcement may only be denied on seven listed grounds and the petitioner has only the obligations set out in Art. IV.
Grounds are exhaustive
504
Paragraph 1 - Ground a: Invalidity of the arbitration agreement - Agreement referred to in Art. II
505
Incapacity of party
513
Ground d: Irregularity in the composition of the arbitral tribunal or arbitral procedure