The court discusses the conditions under which a party may be estopped from raising a ground for refusal of enforcement under the Convention or has waived the right to raise it.

Due process: The court discusses what are to be considered proper time limits and notice periods that fulfill the requirement that the party opposing recognition and enforcement of the arbitral award was extended due process.

Public policy: The court discusses the consequences of the lack of reasons in the award on its recognition and enforcement.

More-favorable right provision: The court discusses examples of domestic laws of countries where enforcement of foreign awards is more favorable.